Curious about 5G? Here’s the truth: It’s safe, widely tested, and offers faster, more reliable connectivity than previous networks. But misinformation has created confusion. Let’s clear things up with facts:
- Health Concerns? Studies show no evidence of harm from 5G’s low-level radio frequencies.
- Radiation Levels? 5G’s electromagnetic energy (EME) levels are 1,000 times lower than safety limits.
- Cancer Risks? 5G uses non-ionizing radiation, which is not linked to cancer.
- Testing History? Rigorous testing has been ongoing since 2017 to ensure safety and performance.
- Cost? Affordable 5G plans start at $20/month, with speeds competitive to NBN.
- Home Internet? 5G can replace traditional internet for many users, offering speeds up to 1,000 Mbps.
- Regulation? Strict Australian standards ensure public safety and compliance.
- Coverage? Over 87% of Australians have access to 5G, with continued expansion.
Quick Comparison: 5G vs. Common Concerns
| Concern | Fact-Based Response |
|---|---|
| Health Risks | No proven health effects within safety limits |
| Radiation Levels | Far below maximum safe exposure levels |
| Cancer Connection | No link between 5G radiation and cancer |
| Cost | Plans as low as $20/month |
| Home Internet | Speeds up to 1,000 Mbps; varies by location |
5G is transforming connectivity while adhering to strict safety and regulatory standards. Let’s dive deeper into the details.
Do Phones Really Cause Cancer? Debunking 5G Radiation Myths
1. Does 5G Harm Your Health?
Concerns about 5G’s impact on health are widespread, but the science tells a different story. A review of 107 experimental and 31 epidemiological studies found no proven evidence that the low-level RF fields used in 5G pose any health risks .
To better understand, let’s compare 5G frequencies with other familiar technologies:
| Technology | Frequency Range |
|---|---|
| Previous Mobile Networks (1G–4G) | 0.45–6 GHz |
| Current Mobile Phones | 1.8–2.2 GHz |
| 5G Networks | 3.5–30 GHz |
These figures show that 5G operates within a range that is carefully regulated for safety.
In Australia, strict safety standards are in place. The Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) enforces exposure limits that all 5G infrastructure must meet. Dr. Ken Karipidis, Assistant Director of ARPANSA‘s Assessment and Advice Section, has stated:
"No health effects are expected from radio frequency exposures below the limits set in the ARPANSA standard."
Since 5G uses higher frequencies, they penetrate less deeply into the body, causing only minimal surface heating under controlled exposure levels . Additionally, the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) ensures that all 5G equipment complies with these strict guidelines .
Global health organizations back these findings. ARPANSA, the World Health Organization (WHO), and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) all agree: there is no scientific evidence linking very low RF electromagnetic exposure to harmful health effects when within the recommended limits .
Though research continues to monitor any long-term effects, current evidence confirms 5G is safe under proper regulations. For context, the electromagnetic frequencies in 5G are comparable to those emitted by everyday devices like computers and microwaves – just at different levels .
2. 5G and EME Levels: The Facts
When it comes to safety, understanding EME (electromagnetic energy) levels is crucial. EME comes from the radio signals used in mobile networks and wireless devices. In Australia, ARPANSA enforces strict safety standards to regulate these emissions . Their guidelines ensure that 5G’s EME levels are carefully controlled and remain within safe limits.
Real-world data shows that 5G networks typically produce EME levels about 1,000 times lower than the maximum allowed limits. These levels are similar to those of 3G and 4G networks . This is largely due to 5G’s energy-efficient design, which reduces unnecessary output compared to older technologies.
Comparing EME Levels Across Networks
| Network Type | EME Characteristics | Power Output |
|---|---|---|
| 5G Small Cells | Lower emissions | Reduced power output |
| 4G Base Stations | Standard emissions | Higher power output |
| 5G Base Stations | Similar to 4G | Comparable levels |
One of the standout features of 5G is the use of small cells – low-power base stations that emit less EME than traditional 4G base stations . This advancement helps ensure that safety standards are met while maintaining network performance.
Dr. Ken Karipidis, Assistant Director of ARPANSA’s Assessment and Advice Section, explains how 5G frequencies affect the body:
"Consequently, this energy is absorbed mostly within the skin where surface heating is the predominant effect. At these higher 5G frequencies, the limits in the ARPANSA safety standard are set to prevent excessive heating at the surface of the skin and the eye."
To further ensure safety, the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) requires all 5G equipment to meet these rigorous standards . Meanwhile, ARPANSA continues to study 5G technology, especially frequencies above 6 GHz, to adapt to any new developments .
3. 5G and Cancer Research
Research shows that 5G’s non-ionizing radiation does not pose a cancer risk when international safety guidelines are followed.
Understanding Different Types of Radiation
| Radiation Type | Energy Level | Cancer Risk | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ionizing | High | Proven risk | X-rays, gamma rays |
| Non-ionizing (e.g., 5G) | Low | No established risk | Mobile networks, radio waves, FM radio, TV broadcasts |
This table highlights that 5G, as a non-ionizing form of radiation, does not fall into the category of harmful radiation linked to cancer.
Interestingly, people are exposed to up to five times more RF radiation from FM radio and TV broadcasts than from mobile base stations . Moreover, 5G’s lower power design ensures an even greater margin of safety.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has labeled radio frequency radiation as "possibly carcinogenic" . However, Dr. Frank De Vocht, an expert on mobile phone safety, explains:
"Although some of the research suggests a statistical possibility of increased cancer risks for heavy users, the evidence to date for a causal relation is not sufficiently convincing to suggest the need for precautionary action."
Recent studies back this up. For instance, a 2019 study found no increase in brain tumor cases despite the rise in mobile phone usage. Additionally, 2020 field tests showed that 5G electromagnetic field (EMF) levels were just 1.5% of the established safety threshold .
These findings align with statements from regulatory authorities. Prof. Rodney Croft, an adviser to the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), points out:
"The exposure that 5G will produce has been considered in great depth by ICNIRP, with the restrictions set well below the lowest level of 5G-related radio frequency that has been shown to cause harm."
The World Health Organization (WHO) has reviewed approximately 350 studies on millimeter wave EMFs , further supporting the safety of current guidelines.
4. How Long Has 5G Been Testing?
5G technology has been under rigorous testing for years, long before its commercial launch. Telstra, for instance, started trials back in 2017. Mike Wood from Telstra shared insights on this extensive process:
"We’ve been testing 5G EME extensively since 2017, including early trials of 5G networks before we rolled the technology out on our network, further testing of our first commercial deployments in 2019, and now the rollout of our latest 5G mmWave technology."
These early trials laid the groundwork for a structured and thorough testing process.
Testing Categories and Focus Areas
| Testing Phase | Key Components | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-deployment | Lab Environment Testing, Network Simulation | Verify baseline performance and safety |
| Operational | End-to-end Performance, Core Network Testing | Validate real-world functionality |
| Advanced Features | MIMO, Beamforming, Network Slicing | Test new technology capabilities |
| Integration | 4G-5G Interoperability, Voice Services | Ensure seamless service delivery |
This detailed framework illustrates how 5G has been meticulously examined, especially for new advancements like millimeter waves, massive MIMO, and beamforming .
Current Implementation Status
Since its rollout in November 2019, Australia’s 5G network has seen steady growth. By 2023, there were over 1.5 billion global connections, reflecting strong adoption and proven performance . In Australia, Telstra operates more than 200 mobile sites using 5G technology .
Daniel Law, SEO Director at Red Search, emphasized the technology’s impact:
"As the 5G technology continues to expand and evolve in Australia since its roll-out in November 2019, its impact on many industries, institutions, and daily life in the country has been significant."
Continuous monitoring ensures the safety and reliability of 5G as networks expand and new features are introduced.
5. Real Costs of 5G Plans
In 2025, 5G plans in Australia provide affordable options, challenging the idea that 5G is out of reach for most consumers.
Entry-Level 5G Plans
For those looking to get started with 5G, there are budget-friendly options available. Belong offers a plan for just $20 per month, which includes 20GB of data at speeds capped at 100Mbps . Similarly, Southern Phone provides a 20GB plan on the Optus network for $50 per month .
Premium Plans and Data Allowances
If you’re after more data or premium features, major providers have a range of plans to suit different needs:
| Provider | Plan Cost | Data Allowance | Speed Cap After Limit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Felix Mobile | $40/month | Unlimited | 20Mbps constant |
| Vodafone | $49/month* | 360GB | 2Mbps |
| Telstra | $65/month | 50GB | 1.5Mbps |
| Telstra Premium | $79/month* | 300GB | 1.5Mbps |
*Promotional pricing as of February 2025
These plans allow users to select services that align with their actual usage, avoiding unnecessary expenses.
Understanding Real Usage
Alex Choros, Managing Editor at WhistleOut, emphasizes the importance of choosing plans based on actual data needs:
"There’s no point in paying for more data than you’re using. While there are plenty of mobile plans that offer 100GB or more, don’t be tempted by big numbers. The average Australian on a postpaid mobile plan only uses around 17.5GB each month. If your usage is similar, paying for extra data wastes money."
Cost Comparison with NBN
For home internet, 5G often offers a cheaper alternative to traditional NBN plans, especially when factoring in long-term costs beyond introductory discounts .
Alex Choros shares his own experience:
"I’ve been using 5G home internet as my primary connection for over three years now. I’m getting faster speeds, and spending less each month."
Speed vs. Cost Reality
All 5G plans include access to 4G and 3G networks for consistent service. Providers also cap speeds after data limits are reached to keep costs predictable. For example, Vodafone reduces speeds to 2Mbps , while Telstra limits speeds to 1.5Mbps . This setup ensures that 5G remains accessible without breaking the bank.
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6. Can 5G Replace Home Internet?
Let’s dive into whether 5G can realistically take the place of fixed-line home internet. While 5G has plenty to offer as an alternative, its practicality depends largely on where you live and how you use your internet.
Here, we’ll break down how factors like speed, reliability, and network management impact 5G’s potential to serve as a home internet option.
Speed and Performance
5G home internet typically delivers speeds between 100 and 300 Mbps, with some providers even hitting up to 1,000 Mbps . Here’s what some major Australian providers currently offer:
| Provider | Speed Range | Coverage |
|---|---|---|
| Telstra | 30–590 Mbps | 89% population |
| Optus | Up to 300 Mbps | 80.5% population |
These speeds are competitive for most households, but actual performance can vary based on signal strength and local network conditions.
Connection Reliability
5G home internet relies on wireless signals, which means its performance can be influenced by several factors, including geography, weather, obstructions, network congestion, and how far you are from the nearest tower. Unlike the consistency of fiber or cable, 5G’s reliability may fluctuate.
"Imperfection is a lot more tolerable when you’re paying less than half what you were before."
Challenges in Rural Areas
For rural users, 5G brings both promise and hurdles. Tests have shown speeds of 89 Mbps even over long distances , but challenges like the need for line-of-sight and urban-focused infrastructure can limit its reach in less populated areas.
Provider Limitations and Network Management
To ensure quality service, providers often impose restrictions. For instance, Telstra limits the number of 5G home internet plans available in each postcode . These measures help balance network performance but may restrict availability in high-demand areas.
How Does 5G Stack Up Against Wired Options?
Here’s a quick comparison of 5G and traditional wired internet:
| Connection Type | Download Speeds | Upload Speeds |
|---|---|---|
| 5G Home Internet | 72–1,000 Mbps | 15–50 Mbps |
| Fiber Internet | 100–10,000 Mbps | 100–10,000 Mbps |
| Cable Internet | 25–2,000 Mbps | 5–50 Mbps |
For households with moderate data needs and strong 5G coverage, this technology can be a great alternative. However, if you’re a heavy data user or need rock-solid stability, traditional wired connections might still be the better choice.
7. How 5G is Regulated
Australia has a strict framework in place to regulate 5G technology, ensuring both service quality and public safety. The Australian Government sets telecommunications regulations, while the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) oversees enforcement. Additionally, ARPANSA (Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency) establishes RF EME (radiofrequency electromagnetic energy) standards that all 5G infrastructure must comply with .
Telecommunications operators are required to follow EME exposure limits that align with international standards. According to ARPANSA:
"At exposure levels below the limits set within the ARPANSA safety standard, it is the assessment of ARPANSA and international organisations such as the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation (ICNIRP) that there is no established scientific evidence to support any adverse health effects from very low RF EME exposures to populations or individuals."
Australia’s Global Standing in 5G
Australia’s regulatory efforts have contributed to impressive 5G performance metrics globally. For instance, the country boasts 36.6% 5G availability with download speeds exceeding 200 Mbps. Here’s how it compares:
| Country | 5G Availability | Download Speed |
|---|---|---|
| Australia | 36.6% | >200 Mbps |
| Hong Kong | 42.3% | >200 Mbps |
| South Korea | 36.6% | >500 Mbps |
| Malaysia | ~35% | >500 Mbps |
Frequency Bands and Interference
ACMA has set regulations for the 3.4 GHz to 3.7 GHz frequency bands. These include a 200 MHz separation requirement and interim measures to manage potential interference, effective until March 31, 2026 . Since launching mid-band 5G in 2019, Australia has reported no confirmed interference issues, highlighting the effectiveness of these measures .
Resolving Service Issues
If you encounter service problems, start by contacting your carrier. If the issue remains unresolved, escalate it to the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman. As a final step, you can lodge a complaint with ACMA .
The Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts reiterates the government’s commitment to safety:
"The Australian Government strictly regulates the use of EME to protect all Australians, based on decades of Australian and international research."
8. EMF Sensitivity and 5G
Concerns about electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) and its link to 5G have sparked ongoing discussions, despite strong scientific evidence dismissing a connection. While some individuals report symptoms they associate with electromagnetic fields (EMFs), research does not support these claims.
Understanding EMF Sensitivity Claims
EHS is described as a condition with various symptoms that some people believe are caused by EMF exposure. However, rigorous studies have consistently found no relationship between radiofrequency (RF) exposure and the reported symptoms.
| Symptom Category | Common Complaints |
|---|---|
| Physical | Headaches, skin prickling, muscle pain |
| Cognitive | Fatigue, difficulty concentrating |
| Sleep-related | Insomnia, disrupted sleep |
| Psychological | Anxiety, stress |
What Research Actually Shows
In the UK, 4% of people attribute certain symptoms to electromagnetic exposure . On a global scale, this belief is shared by 1.5% to 5% of the population .
The World Health Organization (WHO) has stated:
"Whatever its cause, EHS can be a disabling problem for the affected individual. EHS has no clear diagnostic criteria and there is no scientific basis to link EHS symptoms to EMF exposure."
Australian health authorities have also examined these claims in detail.
Australian Health Authorities’ Position
The Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) has addressed EHS concerns with the following statement:
"While ARPANSA and the [World Health Organisation] recognise that the symptoms of EHS [electromagnetic hypersensitivity] are real and can have a disabling effect for the affected individual, EHS has no clear diagnostic criteria and the science so far has not provided evidence that RF exposure is the cause."
Professional Medical Advice
Medical professionals suggest evaluating symptoms thoroughly to rule out other underlying conditions. They also recommend addressing environmental factors, such as air quality and lighting, and managing stress levels as potential contributors.
Telstra’s EME testing has further confirmed that 5G emissions remain well below established safety limits, offering reassurance for those concerned about EHS . These findings highlight the rigorous safety standards in place for 5G technology, paving the way for ongoing discussions about its deployment and regulation.
9. Military Use of 5G
5G technology plays a growing role in military operations, but its use has sparked some confusion. Military-grade 5G is customized from commercial 5G to meet the demands of secure and critical missions. This specialized approach ensures military networks function independently of everyday consumer connectivity.
Military Applications vs. Commercial Use
Military organizations modify commercial 5G systems to create secure networks for operations that demand reliability and confidentiality. Lockheed Martin, for instance, is incorporating 5G into its systems across land, sea, air, and space platforms .
| Aspect | Commercial 5G | Military-Grade 5G |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Focus | Consumer connectivity | Secure communications |
| Key Features | High-speed internet | Command-and-control systems |
| Usage Priority | Network coverage | Security and resilience |
| Applications | Streaming, browsing | Intelligence, surveillance |
Security Measures and Challenges
Security is a top priority in military 5G networks. Patrick Lardieri, principal architect of cyber support operations at Lockheed Martin, stresses the importance of maintaining confidentiality and avoiding detection .
Randy Cox of Wind River Systems highlights the heightened security needs:
"5G from a commercial standpoint is going to require a need for military-level security to protect highly sensitive and classified information at every level. Zero trust is really a must. Susceptibility to RF jamming also is a concern."
Technological Advancements
Advances in 5G technology are enabling faster, more secure communication on the battlefield. Baljit Chandhoke from Microchip Technology explains:
"New advancement in 5G will bring high-speed connectivity to the battlefield, while minimizing vulnerabilities like electronic warfare jamming. New generations of millimeter wave communications solutions offer speed that can provide ultra-wide bandwidth and low latency for broadband communications."
Spectrum Sharing Solutions
In 2021, Booz Allen developed a prototype that allows military radar and commercial 5G to share the same spectrum, achieving nearly perfect accuracy in conflict detection .
Impact on Civilian Networks
Military 5G systems are designed to operate independently of civilian networks. By using specific frequency bands and advanced security protocols, the Department of Defense ensures that military applications don’t interfere with consumer 5G services. This separation protects the performance and reliability of everyday connectivity.
10. Current 5G Coverage in Australia
Australia’s 5G network now spans major cities and regional areas, with Telstra, Optus, and Vodafone covering over 3,000 suburbs and 200 cities nationwide .
Current Coverage Status
Telstra currently leads the pack, offering 87% population coverage and operating more than 200 5G mobile sites . Optus follows closely, reaching over 2.1 million households . New South Wales stands out as the state with the most extensive 5G infrastructure, housing 1,218 network sites .
| Provider | Average Download Speed | Coverage Details |
|---|---|---|
| Optus | 229.6 Mbps | 2.1M+ households |
| Telstra | 215.0 Mbps | 87% population coverage |
| Vodafone | 106.8 Mbps | Major cities and regional centers |
Regional Expansion Initiatives
The Peri-Urban Mobile Program (PUMP) is accelerating regional connectivity. In its second round, the program is funding $40.9 million for 47 new mobile solutions, with an additional $43 million contributed by industry partners .
Louise Hyland from the Australian Mobile Telecommunications Association (AMTA) highlights the growing demand:
"Our network needs and demand have significantly outgrown 3G’s capabilities. Hence, 5G connectivity will only expand and improve in the following years."
Performance Metrics
As of Q1 2023, Australia’s national average download speed reached 183.8 Mbps .
Future Coverage Goals
The industry has set ambitious expansion goals. Telstra plans to achieve 95% population coverage by mid-2025 . By 2030, projections indicate that 90% of Australian mobile subscribers will be using 5G or 6G networks . These efforts aim to enhance connectivity in both urban and regional areas, with a focus on improving service in bushfire-prone and disaster-affected regions through targeted government initiatives .
Conclusion
Australia’s 5G technology is reshaping connectivity and business landscapes. By debunking common myths, it’s clear that 5G offers strong advantages while adhering to ARPANSA’s safety standards. Here’s what you need to know as you consider the transition to 5G.
Making Informed Decisions
Between June 2022 and April 2024, over 65,000 customers moved away from traditional NBN services, driven by competitive 5G pricing . For instance, Vodafone’s 5G home internet plan costs $55 per month, compared to $80 for similar NBN speeds .
Expert Perspectives
"4G and 5G wireless technologies can in some cases provide faster internet speeds than the NBN, particularly in areas with limited NBN infrastructure or where the NBN connection speeds are slow due to congestion or distance from the node" .
Business Impact and Future Potential
Currently, 8 million Australians have access to 5G . Telstra’s Christian von Reventlow highlights how previous network upgrades brought unexpected advancements, like the iPhone with 3G and streaming services with 4G. Similarly, 5G is expected to lead to new, unforeseen applications .
Safety and Regulation
ARPANSA confirms that 5G radio waves pose no established health risks, ensuring its safe rollout .
Market Shifts
Recent trends show how 5G is reshaping the telecom market:
| Provider | Customer Movement | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| TPG | +56,000 5G customers | Now totals 227,000 fixed wireless users |
| Telstra | -58,000 NBN customers | H1 2023-2024 financial year |
| NBN Satellite | -24,000 customers | Dropped from 111,000 to 87,000 since 2021 |
The shift to 5G is transforming Australia’s telecom landscape. Competitive pricing, better performance, and expanding coverage are driving this change. With ongoing infrastructure investment and strong safety standards, 5G’s role in consumer and business applications is set to grow.
